贝达喹啉的作用机制是什么? ¹

贝达喹啉是一种二芳基喹啉抗生素，用于治疗耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）。它通过抑制结核分枝杆菌的ATP合成酶来发挥作用，从而消耗细菌的能量。与其他抗结核药物不同，贝达喹啉的作用机制使其对耐多药结核分枝杆菌有效。

结核病的背景

结核病（TB）是一种由结核分枝杆菌（MTB）引起的传染病，通常影响肺部和其他身体部位。潜伏性结核病没有症状，但约10％的潜伏感染会发展为活动性疾病，如果不及时治疗，将导致大约一半的患者死亡。活动性TB的典型症状包括慢性咳嗽、含血的痰、发热、盗汗和消瘦。贝达喹啉通过抑制结核分枝杆菌的ATP合成酶，阻断细菌的能量供应，从而发挥抗菌作用。

贝达喹啉的应用

贝达喹啉可用于成人耐多药结核病（MDR-TB）的联合治疗。它通过特异性地抑制结核分枝杆菌的ATP合酶发挥作用，对耐药和非耐药结核分枝杆菌均有效。动物实验和临床试验证实了贝达喹啉对结核的有效性和安全性。贝达喹啉的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.002-0.06μg/ml，对结核分枝杆菌具有抑制作用。

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