(制得粗硅)si+2naoh+h2o===na2sio3+2h2↑3．（碱中）歧化cl2+h2o===hcl+hclo（加酸抑制歧化，加碱或光照促进歧化）cl2+2naoh===nacl+naclo+h2o2cl2+2ca(oh)2===cacl2+ca(clo)2+2h2o金属单质（na，mg，al，fe）的还原性4na+o2===2na2o2na+s===na2s（爆炸）2na+2h2o===2naoh+h2↑mg+h2so4===mgso4+h2↑2al+6hcl===2alcl3+3h2↑2al+3h2so4===al2(so4)3+3h2↑2al+6h2so4(浓、热)===al2(so4)3+3so2↑+6h2o(al,fe在冷,浓的h2so4,hno3中钝化)al+4hno3(稀)===al(no3)3+no↑+2h2o2al+2naoh+2h2o===2naalo2+3h2↑fe+2hcl===fecl2+h2↑fe+cucl2===fecl2+cu非金属氢化物(hf,hcl,h2o,h2s,nh3)1．还原性:16hcl+2kmno4==2kcl+2mncl2+5cl2↑+8h2o（实验室常用）2h2s+so2===3s↓+2h2o2nh3+3cl2===n2+6hcl8nh3+3cl2===n2+6nh4cl4nh3+3o2(纯氧)===2n2+6h2o4nh3+6no===5n2+6h2o(用氨清除no)so2+h2o===h2so3so3+h2o===h2so43no2+h2o===2hno3+non2o5+h2o===2hno3so2+ca(oh)2===caso3+h2o(不能用澄清石灰水鉴别so2和co2.可用品红鉴别)so3+ca(oh)2===caso4+h2oco2+2naoh(过量)===na2co3+h2oco2(过量)+naoh===nahco3co2+ca(oh)2(过量)===caco3↓+h2o2co2(过量)+ca(oh)2===ca(hco3)2co2+2naalo2+3h2o===2al(oh)3↓+na2co3co2+c6h5ona+h2o===c6h5oh↓+nahco3sio2+2naoh===na2sio3+h2o (强碱缓慢腐蚀玻璃na2o+h2o===2naoh2na2o2+2h2o===4naoh+o2↑na2o+co2===na2co32na2o2+2co2===2na2co3+o2na2o2+h2so4(冷,稀)===na2so4+h2o2mgo+so3===mgso4mgo+h2so4===mgso4+h2oal2o3+3h2so4===al2(so4)3+3h2oal2o3+2naoh===2naalo2+h2o (al2o3是两性氧化物) feo+2hcl===fecl2+3h2ofe2o3+6hcl===2fecl3+3h2ofe3o4+8hcl===fecl2+2fecl3+4h2ohclo+h2so3===h2so4+hclhclo+h2o2===hcl+h2o+o2(氧化性:hclo>hclo2>hclo3>hclo4,但浓,热的hclo4氧化性很强)h2so4+fe(al) 室温下钝化h2so4(浓)+2hbr===so2↑+br2↑+2h2oh2so4(稀)+fe===feso4+h24hno3(浓)+c===co2↑+4no2↑+2h2o6hno3(浓)+s===h2so4+6no2↑+2h2o5hno3(浓)+p===h3po4+5no2↑+h2o6hno3（浓、热）+fe===fe(no3)3+3no2↑+3h2o4hno3(稀)+fe（不足）===fe(no3)3+no↑+2h2o8hno3(稀)+3fe（过量）===3fe(no3)2+2no↑+4h2o2naoh+so2（少量）===na2so3+h2onaoh+so2（足量）===nahso32naoh+sio2===na2sio3+h2o2naoh+al2o3===2naalo2+h2onaoh+hcl===nacl+h2onaoh+h2s（足量）===nahs+h2o2naoh+h2s（少量）===na2s+2h2o3naoh+alcl3===al（oh）3↓+3naclnaoh+al(oh)3===naalo2+2h2onaoh+nh4cl===nacl+nh3↑+h2omg(oh)2+2nh4cl===mgcl2+2nh3 h2oal(oh)3+nh4cl （或nh3 h2o不溶解）3．不稳定性:盐1．氧化性:2fecl3+fe===3fecl22fecl3+cu===2fecl2+cucl2 (用于雕刻铜线路版)2fecl3+h2s===2fecl2+2hcl+s↓2fecl3+2ki===2fecl2+2kcl+i2↓fecl2+mg===fe+mgcl2mgcl2+2nh3 h2o===mg(oh)2↓+nh4clalcl3+3nh3 h2o===al(oh)3↓+3nh4clfecl3+3nh3 h2o===fe(oh)3↓+3nh4cl
