Apixaban是一种什么类型的药物? ¹

Apixaban是一种抗凝血剂，用于治疗静脉血栓栓塞和预防中风。它是一种口服生物可利用且可逆的直接抑制剂，通过抑制因子Xa来减少凝血酶诱导的凝块形成。

Apixaban对血小板聚集没有直接影响，但通过间接减少凝血酶诱导的凝块形成来发挥作用。在体外研究中，Apixaban对人和兔的Factor Xa抑制剂作用非常高效。在体内研究中，Apixaban在犬身上表现出优良的药代动力学特性。

因子Xa在凝血级联中起着重要作用，Apixaban通过抑制因子Xa来阻止纤维蛋白凝块的形成。因子Xa在肝脏中合成，并且需要维生素K来进行合成。因子Xa被激活后，通过水解形成活性凝血酶。

Apixaban的应用包括降低非瓣膜性心房颤动患者中风和栓塞的风险，预防深静脉血栓形成，治疗深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞，并降低初始治疗后复发深静脉血栓形成和肺栓塞的风险。

参考文献

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