人食管平滑肌细胞是从人食道组织中提取的,主要负责空腔脏器的收缩。与骨骼肌不同,人食管壁包括外纵形、内环形和黏膜层。平滑肌的收缩通过激活磷脂酶和激活PKC-epsilon依赖的信号通路实现。此外,人食管平滑肌细胞还可以表达Na(+)通道。
平滑肌细胞的长度和宽度因所分布的部位不同而有所差异。平滑肌细胞通常聚集成束,细胞内只有一个细胞核,核染色质为纤细网状。
人食管平滑肌细胞可以用于人食管胃结合部平滑肌细胞原代培养以及贲门失弛缓症患者腹段食管环行肌舒缩信号分子表达的研究。
在平滑肌细胞原代培养方面,可以使用酶消化法和组织块法进行。酶消化法中,选择胶原酶Ⅱ和胰酶/EDTA消化液作为消化酶,通过调整消化酶浓度、温度和时间来获得最佳的原代细胞。组织块法中,可以比较传统的组织块贴壁法、胰酶消化辅助法和直接利用酶消化法中的剩余组织块三种方法,选择效率最高的原代细胞培养方法。
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