卤原子的高电负性使得酰基碳的电子云密度减小,亲电性增加,更容易脱除。三氟乙酰基是一种性能优秀的保护基,它是Weygand最早引入到多肽合成中的一种保护基。
三氟乙酰基(Tfa)可以通过三氟乙酸酐导入,然后在稀碱液中很容易脱除。除了在肽的合成中使用外,它还可以用于甾体和糖上的氨基保护。当分子中同时存在伯胺和仲胺时,三氟乙酸乙酯可以优先与伯胺反应。与乙酸酐类似,三氟乙酸酐在存在18-冠-6的条件下,可以选择性地酰化仲胺。相反地,三氟乙酸-丁二酰亚胺可以选择性地酰化伯胺,而不影响仲胺。
三氟乙酰基在碱性条件下(如0.2M NaOH,1M Piperidine,K2CO3/MeOH/H2O或NaBH4/EtOH),对于Boc,Cbz,Trt,Alloc,Fmoc等氨基保护基不会产生影响。由于三氟乙酰基保护的氨基酸或多肽在高真空下更易气化,因此可以用于气相层析来检测消旋程度和测定天然肽的排列顺序。此外,由于三氟乙酰基中含有氟,也可以使用19F NMR来检测合成肽的纯度、消旋程度以及类似物的鉴定。
参考文献:
1. F. Weygand, E. Csendes, Angew. Chem., 1952, 64, 136
2. F. Weygand, D. Hoffmann, A. Prox, Z. Naturforsch., 1968, 23b, 279
3. N. Ikekawa, J. Biochem., 1963, 54, 279
4. E. Bayer et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1972, 94, 265
氨基化合物TFAA引入Tfa保护基
To a stirred suspension of the hydrobromide salt of compound 1 (1.3 g, 3.6 mmol) and 4-N,N- (dimethylamino) pyridine(0.04 g, 0.3 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (40 mL) was added Et3N(16.0 mL, 12.0 mmol), and the mixture was cooled to 0°C. Trifluoroacetic anhydride (2.5 mL, 17 mmol) was then added to the reaction dropwise. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 8 h. The mixture was then diluted with CH2Cl2 (50 mL) and washed with 2 N HCl (50 mL), saturated NaHCO3 (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic phase was then dried (MgSO4), filtered, and evaporated to leave compound 2 as a white solid, which was recrystallized from Et2O (1.2 g, 92% yield): mp 197~198°C.
来源:LabNetwork